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In Japan, some workplace rules are based on tradition or company habits, not always on laws. Even if a rule is common, it might break labor laws. This can lead to unfair treatment, especially for foreign workers who may not know local rules well. It’s very important to understand your rights so you can protect yourself and work safely in Japan.
Knowing labor laws helps you avoid being exploited and gives you the power to ask for fair treatment. If you feel your workplace rules are unfair, it may be because they violate the law.
No Breaks Despite Working Over 6 Hours
The Labor Standards Act clearly says that if you work more than 6 hours a day, your employer must give you a break.
- Work 6 hours or less → no break is required
- Work more than 6 hours but less than 8 hours → at least 45 minutes of break is required
- Work more than 8 hours → at least 1 hour of break is required
These breaks must be given as a continuous period during your working hours. You should be completely free from work during this time.
This rule applies to everyone—full-time, part-time, and temporary workers. Unfortunately, some companies do not follow this rule, especially for part-time employees, which can cause workers to feel very tired or stressed.
Taking proper breaks helps maintain your health and energy during work. If your employer does not provide enough rest time, it can affect your performance and well-being.
Being On Call During Breaks
By law, break time means you are free from work and from your employer’s control.
If you have to stay “on call” during your break—such as answering phone calls or responding to messages—this is not a real break. You are still working because your employer controls your time.
Some companies require employees to handle phone duties during lunch or rest breaks. This practice is illegal because it takes away your right to rest properly.
If you are asked to be on call during your break, you can ask for additional break time or proper compensation. It is important to get true rest to stay healthy and focused.
Being Asked for Reasons When Requesting Paid Leave
Paid leave (called “yūkyū kyūka” in Japanese) is your legal right as a worker.
You do NOT have to explain or give a reason when you request paid leave. The law protects your privacy and your right to take time off.
Some companies still ask for reasons or documents when you apply for paid leave. This can pressure employees and discourage them from using their leave.
If your employer demands a reason, you can politely say that you are not required to explain.
Unjustified Refusal of Paid Leave Requests
Your employer should approve your paid leave requests unless there is a very important reason not to.
If many employees ask for leave at the same time or if it is during a very busy season, the employer can ask to change the timing of your leave. This is called “time change rights” (jikihenko-ken).
However, the company cannot simply refuse your paid leave because they are busy or short on staff. They must try to find a way to make it work while respecting your rights.
Fines for Being Late
It is legal for your employer to reduce your pay for the actual time you are late, following the “no work, no pay” rule.
However, charging fines or penalties on top of this is illegal.
Some companies try to force punctuality by giving employees fines or penalty points. This is against the law.
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Conclusion
These five illegal workplace rules are often misunderstood or ignored.
As a foreign worker in Japan, knowing your rights helps you avoid unfair treatment and ensures you work in a safe, fair environment.
If you face these problems at work, don’t hesitate to ask for help from labor offices, social insurance labor consultants, or legal professionals.
Your rights protect you — make sure you use them!
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